How to make a gluten free sourdough starter from scratch, step by step. Make it for love of the taste or for lack of commercial yeast. Get started today!
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Why bake with wild yeast from this gluten free sourdough starter recipe?
Commercial yeast, like the instant yeast granules that we use in our gluten free bread recipe and many other gluten free bread recipes, is a single, isolated strain of yeast.
A pure “wild yeast” starter contains no commercial yeast at all. A wild yeast sourdough starter is great when you can't get your hands on commercial yeast because the cupboards are bare.
Once it's “active,” a sourdough starter can be used to create sourdough breads of all kinds. I have a whole chapter of pure sourdough breads in my bread book, GFOAS Bakes Bread.
Those recipes are more complex, and use my gluten free bread flour blend which contains some harder-to-source ingredients. This recipe is for a simple, liquid wild yeast gluten free sourdough starter, and the recipes are not interchangeable.
It does take time to cultivate, though, so it's not a quick fix. It also must be maintained by being refreshed at least once a week. Otherwise, it may become inactive or over-active and spoiled.
FAQs
The process of making a sourdough starter is unlike almost anything else you'll probably ever do in your kitchen. Here are answers to some of the most common questions about this whole process. Once you understand it, the steps become much more intuitive.
A wild yeast sourdough starter, gluten free or otherwise, is a combination of flour and non-chlorinated water that is combined to creative an environment conducive to the growth of the naturally occurring yeast that is all around us and in gluten free flours.
It's essentially a controlled rot, like kombucha, but if you think of it like that, you may not ever want to make it so let's move on. When yours is good and active, as described in the recipe card below, you'll be ready to bake fresh gluten free sourdough bread with it!
No! They're not. If a sourdough starter was made with gluten-containing flours, it contains gluten and should be avoided if you are on a gluten free diet. Period.
The wild yeast does not remove the gluten from gluten-containing flours. Please consider the source if anyone tells you otherwise.
“Feeding” a starter is another way of saying “refreshing” a starter. Once a starter is “mature,” meaning that it's already active and established, it must be fed by removing some of the mature starter and adding more of the “food,” in the form of water and flour, that make the starter most active and ready to use for baking.
As the yeast in your mature starter rests in your refrigerator, it consumes these building blocks. To keep it alive and active, a wild yeast starter must be fed regularly. It also must be fed soon before baking with it, so it's at its most active.
The best whole grain flours for a gluten free wild yeast starter are: A combination of sweet white sorghum flour & teff flour; brown rice flour; buckwheat flour. You can use these in whatever combination you like, but each element should be present to make it easiest to grow wild yeast.
Tools and ingredients needed to make a gluten free sourdough starter
What gluten free flours should I use to make a gf sourdough starter?
I have always found it easiest to create a sourdough starter using a combination of sweet white sorghum flour and teff flour, and following it up with our gum-free gluten free flour blend. I have also successfully made a starter using brown rice flour, and I have read good things about using buckwheat flour.
What kind of water do I use for a sourdough starter?
You will need to use bottled or at least distilled water. Regular tap water contains chlorine which will kill yeast. Make sure that all of your tools that were washed with tap water are dried completely.
What is the right container and spoon for mixing and storing a sourdough starter?
You will also need a nonreactive container and spoon. Stainless steel is nonreactive, and it's really fine. In an abundance of caution, I tend to avoid all metal, especially before the starter is fully active. But don't make yourself crazy.
Troubleshooting your gluten free sourdough starter
My wild yeast gf starter hasn't become active at all
Yeast bread baking is an art as well as a science, and has a (sometimes very frustrating) learning curve. Creating a pure wild yeast sourdough starter is doubly so. The most important ingredient is patience
If you do have a bit of commercial yeast on hand, you can add a few grams to the mixture to give your starter a boost. Over time, the commercial yeast will be replaced by wild yeast.
If you're tempted to try to increase the ambient temperature surrounding your starter in an effort to help it grow, you can try lining a heating pad with multiple layers of towels and keeping it on low. Be careful, though, because all yeast will die at very high temperatures.
My wild yeast starter hasn't doubled
The doubling sometimes happens so quickly and can be so fragile with this type of simple wild yeast gluten free starter that I couldn't even manage to get a photo of it as doubled.
If you assume it must have doubled because it's so active, try noticing whether there is any residue on the jar above the top of mixture that looks like it could have been left from a risen starter level. You can see in the photo above that there's a “rise line” that is above a cleaner section of the jar.
It also might be worth proceeding with a small-yield recipe. It depends upon whether or not you're willing to risk wasting some ingredients. You can also make crackers if the mixture doesn't rise!
I think my gf sourdough starter has gone bad
Remember, this is essentially a controlled rot of ingredients using available wild yeast. Don't take chances with your health.
If you see something in your starter at any point that has a color you don't recognize, or the odor is at all disturbing and different, please discard it and begin again.
I forgot to feed or refresh my sourdough starter
Honestly, it's probably just fine. Don't listen to anyone who tells you that you have to feed your starter every single day, or that you have to start over again if you miss a step.
If you suspect that something has gone wrong, start again if you can. You don't want to throw good money after bad.
There's a strange liquid on top of my wild yeast sourdough starter
It's called “hooch” and you can stir it back in, then discard and feed or just feed, depending upon which step of the process you're completing. I prefer to drain off the liquid because it makes for a more sour starter, and my family doesn't love that.
How can I use this gluten free sourdough starter in baking?
The most common use of a sourdough starter is sourdough bread. Here is a link to our recipe for gluten free sourdough bread, which you will use to make yeast bread without any sort of commercial yeast.
Gluten Free Sourdough Starter | Wild Yeast
Equipment
- Glass jar or ceramic (must be nonreactive; no metal)
- Nonreactive spoon made of wood or silicone (must be nonreactive; no metal)
Ingredients
To Create The Starter: per day, for 5 to 7 days
- 1 cup (120 g) whole grain gluten free flour (See Recipe Notes for info about selecting flours)
- 1 cup (8 fluid ounces) spring water or distilled water at room temperature
To Refresh The Starter: once per week, indefinitely, and before/after using
- ½ cup (70 g) gum-free gluten free flour (See Recipe Notes)
- ½ cup spring water or distilled water at room temperature
Instructions
Creating the starter: Morning of Day One: Beginning.
- In a nonreactive container like a glass or ceramic jar, place 1/2 cup (about 60 grams) whole grain gluten free flour(s) and 1/2 cup (4 fluid ounces) spring or distilled water.
- Using a nonreactive mixing spoon (like a wooden or silicone spoon), mix to combine well.
- Cover the container loosely, and allow to sit on the counter at room temperature for 8 to 12 hours.
Creating the starter: Evening of Day 1: Building.
- Remove the cover of the container, and add another 1/2 cup (about 60 grams) whole grain gluten free flour(s) and 1/2 cup (4 fluid ounces) spring or distilled water.
- Using a nonreactive mixing spoon (like a wooden or silicone spoon), mix to combine well.
- Cover the container loosely, and allow to sit on the counter at room temperature for 8 to 12 hours.
Creating the starter: Morning of Day 2: Building.
- Remove the cover of the container, and add another 1/2 cup (about 60 grams) whole grain gluten free flour(s) and 1/2 cup (4 fluid ounces) spring or distilled water.
- Using a nonreactive mixing spoon (like a wooden or silicone spoon), mix to combine well.
- Cover the container loosely, and allow to sit on the counter at room temperature for 8 to 12 hours.
Creating the starter: Evening of Day 2: Building.
- Remove the cover of the container, and add another 1/2 cup (about 60 grams) whole grain gluten free flour(s) and 1/2 cup (4 fluid ounces) spring or distilled water.
- Using a nonreactive mixing spoon (like a wooden or silicone spoon), mix to combine well.
- Cover the container loosely, and allow to sit on the counter at room temperature for 8 to 12 hours.
Creating the starter: Morning and Evening of Days 3 through 7 and beyond: Building and/or Discarding/Building:
- Remove the cover of the container, and inspect the contents by tapping the jar on the counter to see if bubbles begin to break the surface of the mixture, and smelling it to see if it has any sour odor at all.
- If it does bubble and have an odor, discard any relatively clear liquid that has accumulated on top (called “hooch”) + about 1/3 of the volume.
- Then feed it: Add another 1/2 cup (about 70 grams) gum-free gluten free flour and 1/2 cup (4 fluid ounces) spring or distilled water.
- Using a nonreactive mixing spoon (like a wooden or silicone spoon), mix to combine well.
- If it doesn’t bubble and have an odor, do not discard but feed with 1/2 cup whole grain flour and 1/2 cup water as directed above.
- Cover the container loosely, and allow to sit on the counter at room temperature for 8 to 12 hours.
When is the starter ready to use?
- The starter is ready to use once it has ever doubled in size, and you have been feeding and discarding for at least one whole day.
- The doubling is easily disturbed, though, and typically won’t last for very long. It just has to have occurred for you to confidently use it in a bread-baking recipe.
- Before using the starter, you should have "fed" or refreshed it within approximately the previous 12 hours.
- After using the properly fed starter, refresh it (see the next step for instructions), allow it to sit covered on the counter for about 12 hours, and then refrigerate it until it’s ready to be refreshed or used.
Refreshing (feeding) your active/mature starter.
- An active starter can be used for baking, then refreshed and stored, covered, in your refrigerator for about a week.
- After about a week, you should refresh it. Here's how you do that.
- Refresh your mature starter by removing it from the refrigerator and discarding about 1/3 of the volume (including any clear liquid or hooch from the top).
- Next, add 1/2 cup (70 grams) gum-free gluten free flour and 1/2 cup (4 fluid ounces) spring water or distilled water. Mix with a nonreactive spoon.
- Cover the starter and allow it to sit on the counter for about 12 hours before returning it to the refrigerator.
- Repeat the process every week for the life of the starter.
Notes
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Thanks for stopping by!
Hi, I’m Nicole. I create gluten free recipes that really work and taste as good as you remember. No more making separate meals when someone is GF, or buying packaged foods that aren’t good enough to justify the price. At Gluten Free on a Shoestring, “good, for gluten free” just isn’t good enough! Come visit my bio!
Madeline says
Hello Nicole!
I’m using the sourdough recipe in your book ‘Gluten-Free on a Shoestring Bakes Bread’, where it says to to discard some of the starter before feeding it more flour. Why do you discard it? Will I ruin it if I don’t?
Nicole Hunn says
Hi, Madeline, when making and maintaining a wild yeast sourdough starter, you always discard a portion of the starter before feeding it. The purpose is to remove some of the yeast-containing starter and provide the remaining yeast with more food. If the wild yeast in a starter consumes all of its food and you don’t discard and feed, the yeast will eventually die. You don’t have to get “rid” of the discard (you can share it with a friend or begin a second starter, etc.). You just have to remove it from the same jar so that the starter doesn’t expand exponentially, and so that the yeast population is just the right amount to consume the food you are providing it.
Ledys says
Nicole, I did it! I have created my starter and it doubled so much that it pushed the cap off and bubbled out of my jar. I am guessing that is ok? I can see that there was hooch that spilled out of the jar onto the plate the jar was on, but I also found a lot of hooch on the bottom. I just stirred it back in because I couldn’t pour it out. Is all of this normal? What is is supposed to smell like? How do I know if it’s bad? It has a very strong smell but it’s nothing unpleasant—just strong. I am sorry to bother you with recipe questions, but I am super scared of using my starter in case I did something wrong. Thank you so much, I really appreciate your help and this awesome guidance! If this works, I will totally feel like a super star :-)
Nicole Hunn says
It sounds like you’re doing amazingly well, Ledys. It’s bad when it smells unpleasant. Everything you said shows that you really do have a feel for this. You’re just not trusting your new instincts. ? And definitely go forward pouring off hooch if you would like less of a strong sourdough taste in baking.
Brook says
Question about the weights of flour and water. In a regular sour dough recipe it always says to use equal weights of flour and water. Where in this starter the water weight is much higher than the flour. Just wondering why?
Nicole Hunn says
Non-gluten flours need more moisture, Brook. Gluten free ratios are different, which is why you need gluten free-specific recipes at all!
Ann says
Thank you Nicole, I was indeed further along than I thought. Day 5 began with what I was hoping to see on Day 3, and so we’re now in great shape!
Another question, can this starter be used to create the Mother Starter (stiffer type) that you have in your GFOS Bakes Bread book? I would love to be able to use it in some of your other recipes if possible. Many thanks!
Nicole Hunn says
Hi, Ann, I’m so glad; thank you for letting me know!
I’m afraid no, you can’t use this in the bread book recipes. This is a much simpler starter that is meant to be used in batter type bread recipes, not the newer Bakes Bread recipes.
Namrata Shastri says
Hi !
Am on day 4 of my starter it’s an amazing recipe
Am using. Brown rice and sorghum organic flours for the starter it’s been bubbling since day 1 , the weather is really warm here in India.
Am super excited to make this !!
Just a question , I had do we need to take the float test for this starter as well?
I have been feeding it as per your recipe , every 12 hours . How long should I wait before I start baking ? Many thanks for this amazing recipe . God bless ! Keep up the good work..
Nicole Hunn says
Hi, Namrata, the “float test” doesn’t work on a gluten free starter, no. Once it’s fully active, you can use it to bake with right away, but it will perform best after it’s about 10 days old. Enjoy!
Ann says
Hi Nicole, I have a couple of your books and your recipes are by far THE ABSOLUTE BEST gf ever! Is it possible to make the starter with only brown rice four and teff flour, or is the sorghum an essential element? I’ve had the brown rice/teff mix with bottled water on my counter with twice daily feedings for 4 days with barely any bubbles and am thinking I misunderstood the substitutions.
Nicole Hunn says
Hi, Ann, You can absolutely make the starter with just brown rice flour and teff. The teff is the booster, honestly, but even that isn’t absolutely essential. I’m afraid sometimes it does take more than 3 or 4 days for you to begin to see activity. There are myriad factors at play, which is why the instructions give a range. A few ideas: is the ambient air relatively cool around your starter? Try moving it to a warmer spot. Are you using any metal and/or chlorinated water? Those things may not seem important, but they can kill yeast. Finally, even if you don’t see many bubbles, smell the starter. Does it smell tangy and/or at all sweet? When you run a nonreactive spoon over the surface, do you see more bubbles just underneath? You’re likely further along in the process than you think. Stay the course!
Christine Raasch says
Hi Nicole, I just recently discovered you. My daughter who is also Celiac tells me she’s been aware of your website for a while.
Just started the Sour Dough Starter. Unfortunately, I didn’t go down to the directions until I weighed out my Teff and Sorghum flour. I know the recipe is supposed to be read before starting and I did read it through last night. Well I did combine both flours only to see that I was supposed to use half in the morning and then half in the evening. I’m going to leave it and see what happens. I would like to suggest that under the ingredient list for the flour and water, mention it is a divided amount. That’s already a clue that you won’t be using it all at one time.
Also, in reading your information, you refer to superfine GF flours. On the starter can you use the regular stuff, by that I mean, my Bob’s Red Mill flours?
If I started with Teff and Sorghum, do I keep alternating the flours used in the Sourdough starter or can I strictly use Sorghum, I’m not a fan of Teff.
Lastly, if I read your information re: your base flours correct, I would only need three base flours that can be used in recipes.
Thank you for your time. I’ve been a Celiac for 4 years and still trying to find a bread recipe that works each and every time.
Christine
Nicole Hunn says
I’m afraid there really is no substitute for reading through the recipe all the way before beginning, Christine. I have to limit the amount of instruction I put in the ingredient list, and as a rule on my blog and in my cookbooks I don’t write “divided” in ingredient lists as I find it to be very confusing overall.
You can just use sorghum. The superfine rice flours are referred to when creating the all purpose gluten free flour blends. For information on how to make the bread itself and the flours involved, please see that recipe including the link to the page about my recommended gluten free flour blends. If you are new to gluten free baking, or bread baking in general and you have commercial yeast, I really recommend against beginning with a wild yeast sourdough starter and bread recipe. As I describe in this post in detail, it’s at least as much art as science.
Paula Staul says
Does it matter what brand of the sweet white sorghum flour or brown rice flour I use? Do you have suggestions for those?
Nicole Hunn says
Hi, Paula, I haven’t ever noticed a difference in sweet white sorghum flour, so I wouldn’t worry about that too much. I usually buy that from nuts.com or buy Bob’s Red Mill brand. Both are fine. For brown rice flour, for this purpose, you can use something gritty since you’re soaking it and the grains will soften. For general baking purposes, you need to use superfine rice flours, like Authentic Foods brand.
Lisa says
A few years ago I created a regular sourdough starter. I discarded half if it each time I fed it at first. Should I be doing that, or am I reading correctly that I dont discard until it doubles
Nicole Hunn says
You’re reading it correctly, Lisa. That’s why the first 3 days are called “building.”
Cherie says
I have not yet tried this GF recipe, but I will, sometime this week. Yours are the first really clear directions I have read, bar none. It seems that although I am wheat intolerant I can eat sourdough bread so I started with a recipe for traditional sour dough starter. The first loaf, made after many days of the fermenting the starter, was delicious and I was encouraged. However, the directions for maintaining the starter were not really helpful and the result was a disaster when I tried again. Since then, I’ve tried resurrecting that starter and it seems to be working. We’ll see. There is a loaf rising as I write this. Crossing fingers. Meanwhile, thanks so much for your always clear and succinct recipes. Every one I have tried has been successful.
Nicole Hunn says
I’m so glad you found my instructions clear, Cherie! Since it’s mostly about understanding the concept, clarity is perhaps the most important element for success. That way, when questions arise, you can usually answer them yourself, in the moment. Thank you for the kind note, and enjoy the process!
Paula says
Nicole,
Does it matter what brand of the starter flour I use, I noticed in other recipes you suggested certain brands, such as in tapioca flour. Thank you for all you do!
Nicole Hunn says
Hi, Paula, good question! I haven’t really noticed much of a difference when it comes to the whole grain flours, like sorghum flour, teff flour, and buckwheat flour. And you’re mostly using them as a medium to cultivate yeast. Plus, a coarse grain doesn’t matter at all since you’re soaking the mixture. I hope that’s helpful!
Tina says
Nicole! Tina here, for some reason I can’t seem to respond to your reply on my comment above, but I wanted to thank you for your suggestions! I’m planning to make the bread tomorrow. I placed the starter in the fridge last Thurs or Frid (days are blurring) and now I’ve feed it again. I can’t wait to see what happens!! Yes, I did post on instagram. People were pretty excited about Gluten Free starter…thank you for this and all you do. Your rescipes are my go to!!
GF Mum says
It’s working! Put together your sourdough bread this morning and, thanks to your brilliant starter, it is rising beautifully. Thank you for this. Can’t wait to taste the bread. ?
Nicole Hunn says
It’s so exciting, isn’t it, Rosemary? It feels like magic. Thanks so much for letting us know.
Kathy Brown says
My daughter got some sourdough from a friend. She was encouraged to name it, so it’s Frannie. I am so thrilled you are teaching us how to make a GLUTEN FREE starter. At first the hooch was on the top but it didn’t smell until today. Now there is about 3/4″ of hooch on the bottom. I just stirred it and poured off 1/3. Is this OK? I too have all your books and they are invaluable. I tell all my Celiac friends.
Nicole Hunn says
Yes, Kathy, that’s perfectly fine to stir Frannie and then discard 1/3. You’re on the right track! Thank you so much for your kind words and patronage. That means so much to me and my family!
Denise says
What does the gum do to the starter? I noticed that you are specific about not using a flour blend with gum in it. My blend has xanthan gum, so I was wondering…Thank you!
Nicole Hunn says
Hi, Denise, I’ve found that the consistency of the starter, and the consistency of any baked goods made with the starter, are both significantly better if you do not use any gums in its creation or maintenance.
Ledys says
Nicole, I am so scared to try this project but I can’t stop thinking about it!! It’s 4:14 am and here I am, trying to gather up the courage to go for it! I keep being scared that I will miss a step, or used bad starter and poison everybody, or forget to feed it and waste all my materials… but I am also scared that I will run out of bread and not find flour or yeast anywhere! ☺️ Thank you for all your encouragement and support over the years and for helping us create such wonderful food for our families ❤️
Nicole Hunn says
Hi, Ledys, I really do understand your conflicting worries. You’re not going to poison anyone, so let’s set all of those types of fears aside. Think of perishable ingredients like eggs and dairy, and how the moment something has turned, your nose knows. If you see something that is unfamiliar or smell something new and different, discard and begin again. You can also make gluten free bread without yeast of any kind, so don’t worry.