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These Auntie Anne's-style gluten free soft pretzels are chewy, buttery, and have that truly authentic chew. Add in the sweet mustard dipping sauce, and you won't even be tempted to have “just one” gluteny pretzel at the mall!
Why this recipe works
Just like the mall pretzels, these soft pretzels are made with a touch of brown sugar in the dough, butter baked into the dough for flavor and richness, and plenty of melted butter on top. You won't be able to resist that buttery, sweet and salty combination.
This new and improved version is made with a touch of psyllium husk in the dough for extra chewy pretzels with a better rise. Plus, the raw dough is easier to handle than ever.
The dough can even rest in the refrigerator in a sealed container for up to 3 days before baking. Bake half the dough one night for 4 fresh pretzels, and the other half the next. You can also use it to shape into rounds and bake pretzel rolls. Score the dough in two long slashes on top, and otherwise follow the recipe as written.
Ingredients explained
There are more than a few ingredients in this recipe, but don't worry! They are all pretty common, and each has an important role in the perfect soft pretzel:
- Gluten free flour blend: Be sure to use an all purpose gluten free flour blend that uses superfinely ground white and brown rice flours as a base, with a mix of starches to balance it. My favorites are Better Batter's classic blend and Nicole's Best multipurpose with added xanthan gum. Vitacost's gluten free multi-purpose blend with added xanthan gum should also work, as should King Arthur Flour's gluten free bread flour blend. I would avoid Bob's Red Mill 1-to-1 here, as it isn't well-suited to yeast bread.
- Tapioca starch: Even though most well-balanced all purpose gluten free flour blends already contain some tapioca starch, this is a separate added ingredient that adds stretch and chew to the pretzels.
- Milk powder: You can use nonfat, lowfat or whole milk powder. It helps the blend brown in the oven and adds more richness than just liquid milk.
- Psyllium husk: Pure fiber, this absorbs a lot of moisture and forms a gel-like substance that helps give the dough more support, allowing it to rise higher. Be careful to use higher purity “blond” husk, or your baked goods may turn a harmless but unsightly blue/purple color. I like NaturaleBio brand whole husk from Amazon, but if it's out of stock, buy Yupik brand. This is not a replacement for xanthan gum, but used in addition to it as the combination helps the rise, and then holds it as the pretzels cool.
- Brown sugar: Adds some sweetness and depth of flavor, and feeds the yeast.
- Cream of tartar: reacts with acid to assist the bread's rise and helps the egg whites maintain the rise as the bread cools.
- Baking soda: helps the pretzels brown in the oven.
- Salt: Controls the activity of the yeast, and brightens the flavor of the bread.
- Butter: Adds flavor, moisture, and tenderness to the crumb.
- Vinegar: Reacts with cream of tartar to create with rise; encourages yeast to rise in a stable way.
- Milk: Adds moisture to bring the dough together, plus flavor and richness.
How to make gluten free soft pretzels
This recipe has 3 main steps: making the raw dough then letting it rise and chill, shaping it and letting it rise again, then boiling and baking the dough. The full recipe with ingredient amounts and a video are in the recipe card below. These step by step photos should aid you in making these pretzels in your own kitchen:
Make the raw dough
Hydrate the psyllium husk
In a 2 cup measuring cup with a pour spout, so it's easy to pour later, whisk whole psyllium husk into warm milk. Allow the mixture to sit for about 30 seconds or until the psyllium soaks up the liquid and begins to swell and form a loose gel. Hydrating the psyllium husk first prevents it from clumping in the dough.
Whisk the dry ingredients
Whisk together the remaining dry ingredients (gluten free flour blend with xanthan gum, tapioca starch, milk powder, yeast, cream of tartar, baking soda, and brown sugar) in the bowl of a stand mixer. Whisk in the salt separately to make sure it doesn't clump with the yeast, since they work against one another.
Add the wet ingredients
Add the wet ingredients (apple cider vinegar, butter, egg whites, and milk and psyllium husk mixture) to the dry, and beat with the paddle attachment until the dough just begins to come together. Continue with the paddle attachment or switch to the dough hook (as long as you've added psyllium husk to the dough). Process on high speed for 4 full minutes for a well-mixed dough with some added air for a lighter crumb.
Refrigerate the dough
Place the dough in a tightly sealed container and refrigerate it, unshaped, for at least 1 hour. The dough will develop some yeasted flavor and become easier to handle as the flour absorbs some of the moisture.
Shape the dough into pretzels
Divide the dough
Using a metal bench scraper or sharp knife to cut the dough in half, then half again, and finally half again for 8 equal pieces. Each should weigh about 5 ounces for full-sized soft pretzels.
Shape the pretzels
Roll and twist each piece of dough into a classic pretzel shape ? like this:
- Roll the first piece of dough into a 12-inch rope with the palms of both hands pressing lightly away from one another. For larger pretzels with more visible shapes, roll the dough into a longer rope, closer to 15-inches long.
- Curve it into an upside down “U” shape and criss cross the ends over one another into an “X” about 3 inches away from each end.
- Criss-cross each end of the dough over one another once more to create a helix.
- Grab each of the ends again, and invert the helix over on itself toward the round end of the original U shape.
- Press the ends down to help them adhere so the twist doesn’t unravel during boiling.
Let rise
Place the raw soft pretzels on lined baking sheets and cover with plastic wrap so they don't dry out. Place them in a draft-free location to rise until they're nearly doubled. Be careful not to let them overproof so they stay intact during boiling.
Boil and bake the bagels
Boil
Add baking soda and salt to a large pot of water, and bring it to a vigorous, rolling boil. Place the risen pretzels gently in the boiling water and, without crowding each other, let them boil for about 1 minute each. You can use a strainer to flip them over to boil on both sides, or press down gently with a silicone spatula to immerse the top in the water.
Bake
Return the boiled pretzels to the baking sheet, brush them with butter, sprinkle with salt, and bake at 400°F for 15 minutes. Reduce the oven temperature to 350°F and continue to bake until they’re golden brown all over and firm to the touch so you're certain they won't deflate as they cool. The internal temperature should be at least 205°F on an instant read thermometer.
Expert tips
Boil the pretzels first
Don't skip the first step of boiling the shaped and risen bagels in a baking soda bath before baking. This sets the exterior of the dough, which restricts the dough from rising quite as much during baking and begins to gel the starches in the dough. These reactions create that characteristic chewy exterior, and a tender, yet somewhat tight, crumb.
Keep your pretzels from falling apart
Make sure that the shaped, risen dough doesn't fall apart during boiling by following my time-tested tips:
- Bring the baking soda bath to a full, rolling boil. A slow boil will do little to seal the outside of the pretzel, and will just cause it to wilt.
- Do not overproof the dough past the point where the surface of the rising dough starts to crater and break. If you've added psyllium husk, the pretzels should nearly double in size; if you haven't, only expect them to rise about 50% more than the original size.
- Boil quickly; if you soak the dough too long, it may begin to dissolve in the water.
Use a stand mixer
For a smooth and cohesive dough that rises evenly, make the dough with a stand mixer, fitted with the dough hook or the paddle attachment. If you don't have a stand mixer, try using a large food processor with the plastic, rather than the metal, blade.
Use psyllium husk + xanthan gum
Psyllium husk added to the dough helps it rise higher and bake up chewier, and makes the raw dough overall more stable. But psyllium husk begins to break down in the oven at 180°F/82°C. So you'll still need xanthan gum (or a xanthan gum substitute) plus egg whites to hold that rise for the rest of baking and as the pretzels cool.
Ingredient substitutions
Dairy free
In place of the butter in the dough and for brushing on the pretzels before baking, try vegan butter or even Earth Balance buttery sticks. In place of powdered dairy milk, try powdered coconut milk.
Egg free
Try aquafaba (the brine from a can of unsalted chickpeas) in place of 2 egg whites (weighing 50 grams total).
Tapioca starch/flour
In its place, try superfine glutinous (short grain) white rice flour.
Psyllium husk
You can make this recipe entirely without psyllium husk. Increase the total amount of xanthan gum to 3 teaspoons from 2. If your flour blend already contains xanthan gum, add 1 teaspoon more. Use the paddle attachment on your stand mixer, and your dough won't roll quite as smooth or be as easy to handle. It also won't rise quite as high.
I prefer to use the whole husk, as opposed to psyllium husk powder, because it's less likely to clump in liquid and create patches of excess fiber. If you prefer to use the powder, use about 15% less by weight (here, about 14 grams).
Cream of tartar/apple cider vinegar
You can replace cream of tartar with 1/2 teaspoon of lemon juice or white wine vinegar, and reduce the apple cider vinegar to 1/2 teaspoon. You can also replace apple cider vinegar itself with a total of 1 teaspoon lemon juice or white wine vinegar.
Gluten Free Soft Pretzels Recipe
Equipment
- Stand mixer fitted with paddle attachment or dough hook
- Sealed bucket for proofing dough.
Ingredients
For the soft pretzels
- 1 ¾ cups (14 fluid ounces) warm milk, (about 95°F)
- 1 ⅝ tablespoons (16 g) whole blond psyllium husk, (See Recipe Notes)
- 3 cups (420 g) all purpose gluten free flour blend, (See Recipe Notes), plus more for sprinkling
- 2 teaspoons xanthan gum, omit if your blend already contains it
- ¼ cup (36 g) tapioca starch/flour
- ½ cup (43 g) powdered milk, nonfat or lowfat are both fine
- 2 teaspoons (6 g) instant yeast
- ¼ teaspoon cream of tartar
- ¼ teaspoon baking soda
- ¼ cup (55 g) packed light brown sugar
- 1 teaspoon (6 g) kosher salt
- 1 teaspoon apple cider vinegar
- 4 tablespoons (56 g) unsalted butter, at room temperature
- 2 (50 g) egg whites, at room temperature
- Baking soda bath for boiling, 6 cups water + 1 tablespoon baking soda + 1 teaspoon salt
- Coarse salt for sprinkling
- Melted unsalted butter, for brushing
- Coarse salt, for sprinkling (See Recipe Notes)
For the sweet mustard dipping sauce
- 6 tablespoons mayonnaise
- 1 tablespoon Dijon mustard
- 3 tablespoons honey
- ¼ teaspoon kosher salt
- ½ teaspoon dry mustard powder, optional
Instructions
Make the pretzel dough
- Place the milk in a 4 cup measuring cup or similar sized bowl. Sprinkle the psyllium husk on top and whisk or mix to combine well. Allow the mixture to sit for at least 30 seconds so the psyllium absorbs the moisture and gels.
- In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted, place the flour, xanthan gum, tapioca starch, milk powder, yeast, cream of tartar, baking soda, and brown sugar, and whisk to combine well, breaking up any lumps in the brown sugar. Add the salt, and whisk again to combine.
- Add the apple cider vinegar, butter, egg whites, and milk with psyllium mixture. Use the paddle attachment or a separate, handheld spatula to mix the dough at low speed or by hand until just combined into a cohesive dough.
- You can continue to use the paddle attachment, or scrape the dough off of it and replace it with the dough hook. Turn the mixer speed up to medium-high, and then high speed and beat for 4 more minutes. The dough should start off clumping around the dough hook, and eventually start sticking to the sides of the bowl again.
Let the dough rise, refrigerated
- Transfer the dough to a lightly oiled bowl or proofing bucket large enough for it to rise to nearly double its size.
- Cover the bowl tightly with an oiled piece of plastic wrap or the oiled top of your proofing bucket. Place it in the refrigerator for at least 1 hour and up to 3 days.
Shape the prepared dough
- When the dough is ready, line rimmed baking sheets with unbleached parchment paper and set them aside. Turn the dough out onto a lightly floured surface, sprinkle it lightly with a bit more flour, and turn it over on itself a few times until it’s smoother.
- Using a bench scraper or large knife, divide the dough into 8 equal portions, each about 5 ounces, and roll each into a ball.
- Working with one piece of dough at a time, and using the palms of both hands lightly pressing away from one another, roll the dough into a thin rope about 12 inches long. As you work on the dough, sprinkle it very lightly with flour to prevent sticking.
- Create an upside-down U shape with the dough, and cross the two ends over one another into an X shape 2 to 3 inches away from each end.
- Grab each crossed end with the opposite hand, criss-cross them once, then turn them over onto the round end of the original U shape. Press the ends onto the round end to adhere. You can moisten the ends a bit to help them stick as they rise.
- Transfer the shaped pretzels to the prepared baking sheets about 2 inches apart from one another. Cover with lightly oiled plastic wrap and set in a warm, draft-free location to rise until nearly doubled in size (about 1 hour). Do not overproof.
Make the (optional) dipping sauce.
- Combine all the ingredients in a medium-sized bowl, and whisk to combine well. The dry mustard powder really gives the sauce a nice depth of flavor, but it is entirely optional. Set the sauce aside.
Boil and bake the risen pretzels
- As the dough nears the end of its rise, preheat your oven to 400°F.
- In a large pot, make the baking soda bath by dissolving the baking soda and salt in approximately 6 cups of water, and bringing it to a rolling boil over medium-high heat.
- Once the dough has finished rising, use a bread lame or small sharp knife to score each risen pretzel about 1/8-inch deep in 3 spots: the left arm and right arm, and on the top of the twist at the center.
- Place the pretzels a few at a time in the boiling baking soda bath for less than one minute total. Flip gently to invert, and boil for another 30 seconds.
- Reinvert the boiled pretzels and use a strainer to remove them from the water, letting excess water drain off into the pan. Return each of them the baking sheet.
- Brush each boiled pretzel generously with the melted butter, then sprinkle with coarse salt.
- Place the baking sheet in the center of the preheated oven. Bake for 15 minutes at 400°F. Reduce the oven temperature to 350°F, and continue to bake for about 15 minutes more or until dark brown all over and firm to the touch.
- Remove from the oven, let cool for 20 minutes before serving with the dipping sauce.
Video
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Notes
I recommend Better Batter’s original blend or my Nicole’s Best multipurpose blend (with added xanthan gum). King Arthur's gluten free bread flour should also work but,add up to 2 tablespoons more milk by the teaspoon as you make the dough, mimicking the texture you see in the photos and video. Avoid Cup4Cup and Measure for Measure here—they won't produce the right texture. Vitacost's multi-blend gluten free flour, with added xanthan gum, should also work. To make your own blend using one of my “mock” recipes, please see the all purpose gluten free flour blends page. I recommend my mock Better Batter. Psyllium husk.
You must use higher purity “blond” husk, or your baked goods may turn a harmless but unsightly blue/purple color. I like NaturaleBio brand whole husk from Amazon, but if it's out of stock, I would buy Yupik brand. You can make the dough without the psyllium husk, but will not be as smooth. You must use the paddle attachment on your stand mixer, not the dough hook, and the dough will be more difficult to handle. Add an additional 1 teaspoon xanthan gum to the dry ingredients, and add the milk alone when you add the other wet ingredients. Nutrition information excludes the baking soda bath, melted butter and coarse salt on top, and dipping sauce.
Nutrition
Nutrition information is automatically calculated, so should only be used as an approximation.
FAQs
Yes, you can make these soft pretzels without boiling them first, but they'll be missing their deep brown color, slightly crisp exterior, and will rise more unevenly and haphazardly.
Yes, after these pretzels are fully baked and cooled, they can be frozen for up to 3 months in an airtight freezer-safe container. If possible, avoid salting the pretzels you intend to freeze, since the salt on top draws moisture out of the pretzels and makes them go stale faster. Defrost frozen pretzles in the microwave or toaster oven, but first sprinkle them with water so they are refreshed.
Yes! Every good rice-based all purpose gluten free flour blend has tapioca starch in it. Adding more tapioca starch creates special stretchy properties that make this dough easier to handle when raw, and improve the texture and mouthfeel once boiled and baked. You should never leave out an ingredient in a recipe.
Storage tips
If you don't plan to serve all of these gluten free soft pretzels right after baking, try salting only the ones you intend to serve. Then, moisten and salt the other ones right before serving.
Wrap any leftover pretzels tightly in plastic wrap or Glad Press ‘n' Seal and store at room temperature for 2 days. Sprinkle lightly with lukewarm water in case the rolls have dried out at all, and warm briefly in a 300°F toaster oven before serving.
For longer storage, wrap each cool pretzel tightly in freezer-safe wrap and freeze. Defrost at 50% power in the microwave and warm in a toaster oven before serving.
Hi,
I’m looking at the recipe and notice that the rising is done in the refrigerator, is this correct?
So excited to try these!
Please read the recipe carefully, Virginia, all the way through and you’ll see the first rise is a cold rise and the second, after shaping, isn’t.
Can I make pretzel sticks or bites instead?
Absolutely yes, Linda! You’ll have to experiment with baking times, though.
is there an egg substitute that can be used in these pretzels?
Please see the ingredient substitutions section of the text of the post for my suggestions, Andrea!
Hello and thank you so very much for these tried and true gf recipes! I truly appreciate the thousands of hours you have spent to perfect your craft and provide these recipes to the world! I have one question. I used a new kitchen scale, tared it, and my psyllium husk weight in grams did not equal yours. I used a tablespoon to measure and added a tiny bit more to the a half Tablespoon to be the 5/8 of a Tablespoon and got 7 grams. I am not certain how to arrive at 16 grams from 1 5/8 T? I bought the recommended Naturalebio blond whole husk from Amazon as well. Thank you for any suggestions! Cammie
Hi, Cammie, when you use the weight measurement, which is far more accurate and the only real way to follow my recipes with precision, you completely ignore the volume measurement. Just weigh your psyllium husk. That’s the whole point of using the weight. I hope that’s helpful!
ABSOLUTELY FABULOUS!!!
I had such high hopes for these and they did not disappoint. These may be the best pretzels I have ever had, gluten-free or otherwise. I did four pretzels and four pretzel buns and I cannot tell you how excited I am to eat a hamburger with this pretzel bun. As all of you know with gluten allergies, if we don’t make it, we don’t get it. This has cracked the code for me.
I made one little tiny change and used potato starch instead of tapioca starch because it’s what I had and it worked great, but I am going to order some tapioca starch also. Well done!
Lots of ingredients and of course it took some time but it’s so worth it. ??????
I make these EVERY year for Thanksgiving and Christmas and it makes me so amazed when I come back to the recipe and realize you’ve slightly updated the milk amount, or added psyllium husk (SUCH A GOOD ADD HOLY SHIT), thank you for so deeply caring about the quality of these. It’s noticed! And my whole fam is grateful!!!
So good! I used Better Than Cup for Cup, which I know wasn’t recommended but it’s all I have access to where I live. They were tricky to shape but are absolutely amazing! Thank you so much, Nicole!
So glad you enjoyed them, Natalie! Thanks so much for sharing your experience. I’m glad you were able to make them work with what you had.
These are amazing! I was worried because it didn’t look like they were rising very much, but they puffed right up in the bath and were light and fluffy, but with that amazing chewy/crisp outside. The dough was a dream to work with, I cannot believe how easy this was. Thank you very much!
So glad to hear that you loved the pretzels and that you’re encouraged by how easy the dough was to work with! You’re so welcome.
Hi Nicole,
Thank you for all your great recipes and for sharing them! I like to grind my own flour and use sorghum mixed with either brown or white rice, depending on what I am making, with potato starch and tapioca starch. Do you think the sorghum flour/rice flour mix will work well for the pretzels?
Hi, Lisa, I’m afraid not, no. You really do need to use a gluten free flour blend that’s designed to be used in yeast bread recipes, and grinding your own rice flour is possible, but risky especially in a yeast bread recipe. I do have a post on how to make your own rice flour, but it requires repeated grinding to get it superfine. And just adding sorghum flour isn’t enough to make it an all purpose blend.
Your video has what looks like rolls next to the pretzels. Can this dough be made as rolls? Thank you.
Hi, Teri, yes, you can use the same dough and shape it as a roll! Be sure to score it twice across the top to control where the air escapes during rising.